PH3254 – NOTES & QP
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PH3254 – SYLLABUS
UNIT I ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS
Classical free electron theory – Expression for electrical conductivity – Thermal conductivity, expression – Wiedemann-Franz law – Success and failures – electrons in metals – Particle in a three dimensional box – degenerate states – Fermi- Dirac statistics – Density of energy states – Electron in periodic potential – Energy bands in solids – tight binding approximation – Electron effective mass – concept of hole.
UNIT II SEMICONDUCTOR PHYSICS
Intrinsic Semiconductors – Energy band diagram – direct and indirect band gap semiconductors – Carrier concentration in intrinsic semiconductors – extrinsic semiconductors – Carrier concentration in N-type & P-type semiconductors – Variation of carrier concentration with temperature – variation of Fermi level with temperature and impurity concentration – Carrier transport in Semiconductor: random motion, drift, mobility and diffusion – Hall effect and devices – Ohmic contacts – Schottky diode.
UNIT III MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS
Magnetic dipole moment – atomic magnetic moments- magnetic permeability and susceptibility – Magnetic material classification: diamagnetism – paramagnetism – ferromagnetism – antiferromagnetism – ferrimagnetism – Ferromagnetism: origin and exchange interaction- saturation magnetization and Curie temperature – Domain Theory- M versus H behaviour – Hard and soft magnetic materials – examples and uses-– Magnetic principle in computer data storage – Magnetic hard disc (GMR sensor).
UNIT IV OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS
Classification of optical materials – carrier generation and recombination processes – Absorption emission and scattering of light in metals, insulators and semiconductors (concepts only) – photo current in a P-N diode – solar cell – LED – Organic LED – Laser diodes – Optical data storage techniques.
UNIT V NANODEVICES AND QUANTUM COMPUTING
Introduction – quantum confinement – quantum structures: quantum wells, wires and dots –– band gap of nanomaterials. Tunneling – Single electron phenomena: Coulomb blockade – resonant-tunneling diode – single electron transistor – quantum cellular automata – Quantum system for information processing – quantum states – classical bits – quantum bits or qubits –CNOT gate – multiple qubits – Bloch sphere – quantum gates – advantage of quantum computing over classical computing.