PH3202 – NOTES & QP
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PH3202 – SYLLABUS
UNIT I DIELECTRIC MATERIALS AND INSULATION
Matter polarization and relative permittivity: definition – dipole moment and polarization vector Ppolarization mechanisms: electronic, ionic, orientational, interfacial and total polarization – frequency dependence – local field and Causius-Mossetti equation – dielectric constant and dielectric loss – Gauss’s law and boundary conditions – dielectric strength, introduction to insulation breakdown in
gases, liquids and solids – capacitor materials – typical capacitor constructions – piezoelectricity, ferroelectricity and pyroelectricity – quartz oscillators and filters – piezo and pyroelectric crystals.
UNIT II ELECTRICAL AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS
Classical free electron theory – Expression for electrical conductivity – Thermal conductivity, expression – Quantum free electron theory :Tunneling – degenerate states – Fermi- Dirac statistics – Density of energy states – Electron in periodic potential – Energy bands in solids – tight binding approximation – Electron effective mass – concept of hole. Magnetic materials: Dia, para and ferromagnetic effects – paramagnetism in the conduction electrons in metals – exchange interaction and ferromagnetism – quantum interference devices – GMR devices.
UNIT III SEMICONDUCTORS AND TRANSPORT PHYSICS
Intrinsic Semiconductors – Energy band diagram – direct and indirect band gap semiconductors – Carrier concentration in intrinsic semiconductors – extrinsic semiconductors – Carrier concentration in N-type & P-type semiconductors – Variation of carrier concentration with temperature – Carrier transport in Semiconductors: Drift, mobility and diffusion – Hall effect and devices – Ohmic contacts –
Schottky diode.
UNIT IV OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS
Classification of optical materials – Optical processes in semiconductors: optical absorption and emission, charge injection and recombination, optical absorption, loss and gain. Optical processes in quantum wells – Optoelectronic devices: light detectors and solar cells – light emitting diode – laser diode – optical processes in organic semiconductor devices –excitonic state – Electro-optics and nonlinear optics: Modulators and switching devices – plasmonics.
UNIT V NANO DEVICES
Density of states for solids – Significance between Fermi energy and volume of the material – Quantum confinement – Quantum structures – Density of states for quantum wells, wires and dots.